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What is the difference between chip inductors and patch beads?
2019-04-20
 
The inductor is an energy storage component and the magnetic beads are energy conversion (consumption) devices. Inductors are mostly used in power supply filter loops, focusing on suppressing conducted interference; magnetic beads are mostly used in signal loops, mainly for EMI. Magnetic beads are used to absorb ultra-high frequency signals, such as some RF circuits, PLLs, oscillator circuits, and ultra-high frequency memory circuits (DDR, SDRAM, RAMBUS, etc.), which need to be added with magnetic beads in the power input section, and the inductor is a kind of storage. The energy components are used in LC oscillation circuits, low-frequency filter circuits, etc., and their application frequency ranges rarely exceed 50 MHz.

1. Chip inductor:
Inductive components and EMI filter components are used extensively in the PCB circuit of electronic equipment. These components include inductors and beads. The characteristics of these two devices are described below and analyzed for their general application and special applications. The benefits of surface mount components are small package sizes and the ability to meet real space requirements. In addition to impedance values, current carrying capabilities, and other similar physical characteristics, the other performance characteristics of through-hole connectors and surface mount devices are essentially the same. Where chip inductors are required, the inductor is required to implement two basic functions: circuit resonance and choke reactance. The resonance circuit includes a resonance generation circuit, an oscillation circuit, a clock circuit, a pulse circuit, a waveform generation circuit, and the like. The resonant circuit also includes a high Q band pass filter circuit.

To make the circuit resonate, both the capacitor and the inductor must exist in the circuit. There is parasitic capacitance at both ends of the inductor due to the fact that the ferrite body between the two electrodes of the device is equivalent to a capacitive medium. In the resonant circuit, the inductor must have high Q, narrow inductance deviation, stable temperature coefficient, in order to achieve the narrow band of the resonant circuit, low frequency temperature drift requirements. High Q circuits have sharp resonant peaks. The narrow inductor bias ensures that the resonant frequency deviation is as small as possible. The stable temperature coefficient ensures that the resonant frequency has stable temperature variation characteristics. The difference between a standard radial lead-out inductor and an axial lead-out inductor and inductor is only that the package is different.

The inductive structure includes a coil wound on a dielectric material (typically an alumina ceramic material), or an air-core coil and a coil wound on a ferromagnetic material. In power applications, when used as a choke, the main parameters of the inductor are DC resistance (DCR), rated current, and low Q. When used as a filter, a wide bandwidth characteristic is desired, and therefore, a high Q characteristic of the inductor is not required. A low DCR guarantees a minimum voltage drop, and DCR is defined as the DC resistance of the component without an AC signal.

2. SMD magnetic beads:
The function of the magnetic beads is mainly to eliminate the RF noise existing in the transmission line structure (PCB circuit). The RF energy is an AC sine wave component superimposed on the DC transmission level. The DC component is a useful signal required, and the RF RF energy is Useless electromagnetic interference is transmitted along the line and radiated (EMI). To eliminate these unwanted signal energies, the magnetic beads act as a high frequency resistor (attenuator) that allows the DC signal to pass through and filters out the AC signal. Usually the high frequency signal is above 30MHz, however, the low frequency signal will also be affected by the magnetic beads.

The patch magnetic beads are composed of a soft ferrite material and constitute a monolithic structure with a high volume resistivity. The eddy current loss is inversely proportional to the resistivity of the ferrite material. The eddy current loss is proportional to the square of the signal frequency.

3. Benefits of using patch magnetic beads:
Miniaturization and lightweight. High impedance in the RF noise frequency range eliminates electromagnetic interference in the transmission line. Close the magnetic circuit structure to better eliminate the crosstalk of the signal. Excellent magnetic shielding structure. Reduce the DC resistance to avoid excessive attenuation of the wanted signal.

Significant high frequency and impedance characteristics (better elimination of RF energy). Parasitic oscillations are eliminated in the high frequency amplifying circuit. Effective operation ranges from a few MHz to a few hundred MHz. To properly select a bead, you must be aware of the following: What is the frequency range of the unwanted signal? Who is the noise source? How much noise attenuation is needed. What are the environmental conditions (temperature, DC voltage, structural strength). What is the circuit and load impedance? Is there room to place magnetic beads on the PCB? The first three can be judged by observing the impedance frequency curve provided by the manufacturer. All three curves in the impedance curve are very important, namely resistance, inductive reactance and total impedance. The total impedance is described by Z = [R2+(2πfL)2] 1/2. A typical impedance curve can be found in the DATASHEET of the bead.

From this curve, select the type of bead that has the largest impedance in the frequency range where attenuation is desired and the signal attenuation is as small as possible at low frequencies and DC. When the magnetic beads are under excessive DC voltage, the impedance characteristics will be affected. In addition, if the operating temperature rises too high, or the external magnetic field is too large, the impedance of the magnetic beads will be adversely affected.

The reason for using patch beads and chip inductors is whether the use of magnetic beads or inductors is mainly due to the application. An inductor is required in the resonant circuit. The use of magnetic beads is the best choice when eliminating unwanted EMI noise.

Application of OEM magnetic beads and chip inductors:
Chip inductors: radio frequency (RF) and wireless communications, information technology equipment, radar detectors, automotive electronics, cellular phones, pagers, audio equipment, PDAs (personal digital assistants), wireless remote control systems and low-voltage power supply modules.

Patch magnetic beads: clock generation circuit, filtering between analog circuit and digital circuit, I/O input/output internal connector (such as serial port, parallel port, keyboard, mouse, long distance telecommunication, local area network), radio frequency (RF) circuit Between high-frequency conducted interference in the power supply circuit and EMI noise suppression in computers, printers, video recorders (VCRS), television systems, and mobile phones, and interference-prone logic devices.
 
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